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改错题常考要点


作者:fs88.cn 来源:网络 时间:2008-09-17 加入收藏

雅思考试总结的,很基本的一些考试点
一、代词
代词中主要讲解六个问题
(一) 掌握代词的几种格
  主格、宾格、所有格
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)

(二) 反身代词
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。
  he killed himself. (他自杀了)
  he killed him. (他杀了他)

例:researchers at the university of colorado are investigating 
    a                 b   
  a series of indicators that could help
             c     
  themselves to predict earthquakes.
    d
分析:d错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意c并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。
indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物

(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。

例:the continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the north american rockies
  that divides the waters flowing into the atlantic ocean from it flowing into the
     a   b      c          d
  pacific.

分析:d错,应改为those。d指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。

water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
  many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品

例:in 1920 the presidential candidate warren harding coined
                       a 
  the word “normalcy” to express social and
             b
   economic conditions they promised the nation.
   c       d
分析:d错,应改为he。动作promised是由warren harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。

例:many critics believe that amy lwell' s most important
        a    
  work is not poetry, but his biography, john
   b        c     
  keats, published the year of her death. 
      d
分析:c错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指amy lowell.


(四) who和which的区别
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物

例:the human body contains more than six hundred muscles who
              a            b
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
   c                  d
分析:b错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明

(五) that和which的区别
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外

例:when television was first introduced, the extent to that it
              a        b
  would affect society could not have been foreseen.
      c              d
分析:b错,应改为which。the extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见

(六) 定语从句的特殊省略
reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why,
time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when
   i do remember the time i heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which

例:research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
              a         b 
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
         c      d
分析:b错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能修饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略

例:commercial expansion from city to suburb has 
  affected the way people in the united states----.
   (a) living and working
   (b) they live and work
   (c) live and work
   (d) to live and to work
分析:选择c, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。二、介词
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。

(一) 介词搭配

例:the teeth in the upper jaw function together those
    a         b   c     
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.
                d
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,c错

例:the allegheny mountain range is rich of coal.
a       b     c  d
分析:b错改为be rich in

例:the rotation of the earth on its axis is responsible to the
    a         b      c
  alternation of periods of light and darkness.
             d
分析:c错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。


(二) 最重要的两个介词
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏
例:mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.
          a      b  c     d
分析:d错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。

例:christopher plummer is a canadian actor who has
                 a  b    
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on
      c
  both sides the atlantic ocean.
      d
分析:d错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the atlantic ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。

2、介词by
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing
例:the ceremony of marriage in the united states
    a         b      
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. 治安法官
   c     d
分析:d错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。

例:along the east coast ,american indian women's councils
   a                     
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to
     b    c       d
   supply moccasins and field rations.
分析:d错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。

例:algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with
        a               
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements
        b          c  
  that are often represented at symbols.
              d
分析:d错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。

三、谓语动词
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致
①、主谓分割原则
例1:to the citizens of the united states, the bald eagle,
     a    
   america's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
        b      c      d
分析:c错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

②、与后者一致原则
not…but, 强调but后面的名词,
not only…but also


③、与前者一致原则
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is,
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致
例:the athlete, together with his coach and
     a      b  c    
  several relatives, are traveling to the olympic games.
         d
分析:d错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is

④、就近原则
or, either…or, neither…nor,
单数名词+or+复数名词+are
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数

例:the structure or behavior of many protozoans are
        a      b       
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
    c              d
分析:a错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。

⑤定语从句主语就近原则
there are five apples that are red.
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。

例:a rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
      a           
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
   b   c    d
分析:d错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。

⑥the +形容词主谓一致
the rich are not always happier than the poor.
the rich 表示一类人,应该用复数

⑦、倒装句的主谓一致
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况:
a. there be 句型
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致

例:there are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
   a     b      c    d   
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,a错,there are 改为there is


例:between the foothills of the andes and the pacific
             a     b   
  ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
     c        
  miles in width.
     d 
分析:倒装句,are改为is

例:among the favorite attractions at the national air and
   a    b       c        
  space museum in washington d.c. are the film
                    d
  presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析:d错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。

⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致
fifty percent of + 名词
one percent of + 名词
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如:
  one percent of my students + are
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working.

这里要强调两个结构
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可数名词 + are
most of + 不可数名词+ is

例:nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
   a       b         c  
  found in central and eastern canada.
           d
分析:c错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。

例:approximately fifty perc

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